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social stratification

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UNIT V – SOCIAL STRATIFICATION 5.1 Social Stratification: Introduction and Characteristics Introduction Social stratification is a fundamental concept in sociology. It refers to the systematic arrangement of individuals and groups in society into different layers or strata based on wealth, power, prestige, caste, class, or status. Every society, from primitive to modern, shows some form of stratification. Meaning of Social Stratification Social stratification means the division of society into hierarchical layers where individuals and groups are ranked as superior, inferior, or equal according to socially accepted values. Definitions Ogburn and Nimkoff : Social stratification is the process by which individuals and groups are ranked in a more or less enduring hierarchy of status. Gisbert : Social stratification is the division of society into permanent groups or categories linked with each other by the relationship of superiority and subordination. Williams : Social stratific...
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modernization and Modernity

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Got it 🙂 I’ll prepare a ready-to-write assignment based on the given slide, in simple English , exam-oriented, and easy to understand (perfect for Plus Two / degree sociology). Modernity – An Assignment Introduction Modernity is an important concept in sociology and social sciences. It refers to a historical period and a condition of society that emerged with major changes in economic, social, political, and cultural life. Modernity is closely associated with the growth of capitalism, industrialization, rational thinking, and secularism. It marks the transition from traditional societies to modern societies. Meaning of Modernity Modernity is a broad term that mainly refers to a specific historical period that began around the 15th century and continues to the present day. This period witnessed the rise of capitalism and industrialization , which transformed society. Modernity emphasizes rational thinking, scientific knowledge, and human reason rather than tradition or religious auth...
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Section-IIWhat do you understand by the concept of modernisation? Do you think modernisation helps in improving society? Give reasons

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Alright 👍 I understand what you want now. You need a detailed, multi-page assignment , written in clear academic style , with proper headings , more content , and well-explained points , based strictly on this question: What do you understand by the concept of modernisation? Do you think modernisation helps in improving society? Give reasons. Below is a ready-to-submit long assignment . You can handwrite or type it and it will comfortably fill many pages . MODERNISATION AND ITS ROLE IN IMPROVING SOCIETY Introduction Modernisation is one of the most important concepts in sociology, especially in the study of social change and development. Every society continuously changes over time, but the pace and direction of change vary. With the growth of science, technology, industrialization, education, and democratic values, societies across the world have experienced rapid transformation. This process of transformation from traditional ways of life to modern ways is known as modernisation....
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Evans-Pritchard Social structure

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Discuss Malinowski's Scientific Theory of Culture

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   Malinowski  Magic, Religion, and Science Assignment Introduction Bronisław Kasper Malinowski (1884–1942) was a Polish-born British anthropologist and one of the founding figures of modern social anthropology. He is best known for introducing intensive fieldwork and participant observation as the core method of anthropological research. Malinowski rejected speculative and armchair anthropology and emphasized understanding cultures from the viewpoint of the people living within them. His theoretical contributions, especially functionalism and the study of magic, religion, and science, reshaped sociological and anthropological thought. Malinowski and Functionalism Malinowski developed bio-psychological functionalism , which explains culture as an instrument created to satisfy human needs. According to him, cultural institutions are not random traditions but practical mechanisms that help individuals meet biological and psychological requirements such as ...
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chemistry

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Chapter 4 1. What is octet rule? Write two drawbacks. Answer: Octet rule states that atoms try to get 8 electrons in their valence shell to become stable. Drawbacks (any two): It is not applicable to hydrogen and helium. It fails for molecules like BF₃ where octet is incomplete. Simple explanation: Atoms want to be “full” like a filled plate. Example: NaCl follows octet rule, BF₃ does not. 2. Write the main postulates of VSEPR theory. Answer: Electron pairs repel each other. Molecules take shapes to reduce repulsion. Lone pair repulsion is greater than bond pair repulsion. Example: H₂O is bent because lone pairs push bonds. 3. A molecule AB₂E₂ has 2 bond pairs and 2 lone pairs. What is its shape? Answer: Bent shape (V-shape). Example: Water (H₂O). 4. Define dipole moment. Why is dipole moment of BF₃ zero? Answer: Dipole moment measures the polarity of a molecule . Dipole moment of BF₃ is zero because it is symmetrical . Example: Like equal people pu...
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thermodynamics, chemistry,,physics

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ഇവ Plus One THERMODYNAMICS – VERY SIMPLE PROBLEMS ആണ് 👉 Chemistry + Physics , step-by-step solutions സഹിതം 😊 🔵 CHEMISTRY – Simple Thermodynamics Problems Q1. A system absorbs 100 J of heat and does 20 J of work. Find ΔU . Formula (Chemistry): \Delta U = q + w Given: q = +100 J w = –20 J (work done by system) Solution: \Delta U = 100 + (-20) = \boxed{80\ \text{J}} Q2. A system releases 50 J of heat and 30 J of work is done on it. Find ΔU . q = –50 J w = +30 J \Delta U = -50 + 30 = \boxed{-20\ \text{J}} Q3. At constant pressure, heat absorbed is 200 J . Find ΔH . Formula: \Delta H = q_p \Delta H = \boxed{200\ \text{J}} Q4. Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic if ΔH = –75 kJ ? 👉 Exothermic reaction (heat released) 🟢 PHYSICS – Simple Thermodynamics Problems Q5. A gas absorbs 500 J of heat and does 200 J of work. Find ΔU . Formula (Physics): \Delta U = Q - W Q = +500 J W = +200 J \Delta U = 500 - 200 = \boxed{300\ \text{J}}...
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